Is the Asian Arowana Legal in the UK? What You Should Know About This Exotic Fish

Is the Asian Arowana legal in the UK and what makes it a regulated species?

The Asian Arowana, known by its scientific name Scleropages formosus, is widely recognised for its vibrant colouration, elongated body, and association with cultural symbolism. Often called the dragon fish, it is valued in the ornamental fish trade for its appearance and perceived luck bringing qualities. However, its trade and possession in the United Kingdom are tightly regulated under wildlife protection laws.

In the UK, the Asian Arowana is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This classification restricts commercial trade, allowing ownership or sale only when strict conditions are met. It cannot be imported, sold, or possessed without appropriate permits and verifiable proof of captive breeding from a registered CITES facility.

Why is the Asian Arowana protected and who monitors its trade?

This species is considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to rapid population decline in its native habitat. Threats include illegal capture, deforestation of breeding grounds, and habitat degradation across Southeast Asia.

CITES regulates its trade internationally. Under UK law, the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) enforces these controls. All legal movement of this fish must be accompanied by CITES documentation that verifies it was bred in captivity and is not sourced from the wild.

This process ensures traceability and supports conservation objectives. Details on compliance can be found under the UK’s CITES wildlife licensing framework, which outlines how to apply for trade permits.

Can you legally keep an Asian Arowana in the UK?

Ownership is permitted under certain conditions. The fish must be sourced from a licensed CITES approved breeder, and the owner must hold import or possession documentation issued by APHA. Without these, the fish is considered illegal.

Individuals interested in buying an Asian Arowana need to confirm that the fish carries a unique identification number, often a microchip, and has accompanying certificates of origin. These documents must be presented at customs and held for future reference in case of resale or transport.

Failure to meet these requirements can result in seizure, fines, or prosecution. The same applies if the fish is found without clear documentation during routine inspections.

Why is the Asian Arowana so popular and why does it command high prices?

The Asian Arowana is highly prized in aquarist circles not only for its visual appeal but also for its symbolic significance. In some Asian cultures, it is believed to attract prosperity and protect the household. This has driven demand, particularly for rare colour morphs such as Super Red, Golden Head or Platinum, which are bred selectively and sold at premium prices.

In professional setups, these fish are housed in custom tanks with stabilised filtration systems, temperature regulation and diet plans based on high protein aquatic nutrition. Their life expectancy, when well maintained, can exceed two decades.

Their behaviour is also a draw. The species is known for recognising its caretaker and showing food response behaviours that make it feel interactive and intelligent.

What are the risks of buying an Asian Arowana without proper authorisation?

Purchasing without legal documentation exposes buyers to several risks. Firstly, the fish may be confiscated at UK border points or during spot checks. Secondly, buyers may face financial losses if the fish dies during unregulated transport or if authorities impose penalties.

The legality of a specimen affects not just ownership but resale and insurability. Without a valid CITES certificate, it becomes impossible to transfer the fish legally, even within the UK. This lowers its value and complicates care or veterinary access.

There is also an ethical concern. Illegal trade continues to impact the wild populations and supports unregulated breeders who often do not meet animal welfare standards. Buying responsibly supports conservation breeding and ensures better outcomes for both the fish and the buyer.

Are there alternatives to the Asian Arowana that are easier to keep in the UK?

Yes, there are similar looking species that offer aesthetic appeal without the licensing burden. The Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) and Black Arowana (Osteoglossum ferreirai), both native to South America, are popular in the hobby and legal to keep in the UK without permits.

These alternatives are visually striking and require similar care setups. However, they still grow to substantial lengths, often exceeding ninety centimetres, and need large aquariums with secure lids due to their jumping behaviour.

For those interested in the look and feel of an Arowana without the legal hurdles, these species are worth considering. Consult with a trusted aquatic specialist for suitability and tank planning.